Behavioral health conditions (mental illnesses and substance use disorders) suffer from both under-diagnosis and delayed diagnosis. This is a serious public health problem nationally and across the Commonwealth. Untreated behavioral health conditions contribute to morbidity and increase the total cost of care. The gap in care and treatment for behavioral health conditions requires action and a coordinated effort by providers and payers to ensure that patients get the care they need, before illness is severe and results in a crisis situation (e.g., avoidable ED visit or inpatient admission). Integrating behavioral health—including appropriate screening for behavioral health conditions (and treatment, when appropriate)—is critical in the primary care setting.